Salt River Canyon

by Jon Burch Photography

Title

Salt River Canyon

Artist

Jon Burch Photography

Medium

Photograph - Digital Capture/faa Watermark Will Not Be On Your Fininshed Photograph.

Description

Salt River Canyon Wilderness is a 32,101 acre wilderness area located within the Tonto National Forest in Arizona. The River's deep canyon bisect the entire length of the wilderness with elevations ranging from 2,200 feet at the lower end of the canyon to 4,200 feet on White Ledge Mountain.

The area can be visited practically any time, though there are no maintained trails within the entire wilderness. Travel here is typically done by raft or kayak during the short river-running season between March 1 and May 15. A visitor permit is required between these dates and group size is limited to 15 people. White-water rafting the Salt River Canyon is fairly popular, with 27 sets of rapids and numerous side creeks to explore. The U. S. Route 60 traverses a winding route through the canyon, descending close to the river at the bottom before crossing the river and then ascending back up the opposite side.

The river is the largest tributary of the larger Gila River and is about 200 miles long with a drainage basin is about 13,700 square miles. The longest of the Salt River's many tributaries is the 195-mile Verde River. The Salt's headwaters tributaries, the Black River and East Fork, increase the river's total length to about 300 miles.

The Salt River is formed by the confluence of the White River and Black River in the White Mountains of eastern Gila County. The White and Black rivers, and other tributaries of the upper Salt River, drain the region between the Mogollon Rim in the north and the Natanes Mountains and Natanes Plateau to the east and south. Tributaries of the Salt River also drain the Sierra Ancha and Mazatzal Mountains. The White and Black rivers drain the White Mountains in the Fort Apache Indian Reservation. Together the two rivers drain an area of about 1,900 square miles. The Salt River, along with the Black River, forms the boundary between the Fort Apache Indian Reservation to the north and the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation to the south.

The Salt River is fed by numerous perennial streams that start as springs and seeps along the Mongollon Rim and in the White Mountains. The Salt River is perennial from its tributary headwaters to Granite Reef Diversion Dam near Mesa.

From the Black and White confluence the Salt River flows generally west and southwest. It is joined by Carrizo Creek, a 25-mile long perennial stream, then flows through the Salt River Canyon. Cibecue Creek, a 36-mile long perennial stream, joins the river in the canyon, flowing from the north through the Fort Apache Reservation. Between Carrizo and Cibecue Creeks the Salt River becomes the boundary between Tonto National Forest on the south and the Fort Apache Reservation on the north. Another perennial stream joins from the north, the 46-mile long Canyon Creek. Just downstream from the Salt's confluence with Medicine Creek a portion of the Tonto National Forest is designated the Salt River Canyon Wilderness. The Salt River forms the northern and western boundary of the wilderness for several miles, after which the national forest and wilderness occupy both sides of the river.

Continuing its westward course the Salt River is joined by Pinal Creek from the south, just before leaving the Salt River Canyon Wilderness. The river continues to flow through Tonto National Forest until leaving the mountains near Mesa. Below the Pinal Creek confluence the Salt River enters Theodore Roosevelt Lake, the first of four reservoir impoundments on Salt. Tonto Creek joins the Salt River in Theodore Roosevelt Lake. Below Theodore Roosevelt Dam the Salt River passes through the canyon between the Mazatzal Mountains and Superstition Mountains and is impounded by Horse Mesa Dam, forming Apache Lake, then Mormon Flat Dam, forming Canyon Lake, then Stewart Mountain Dam, forming Saguaro Lake. These four reservoirs are part of the Salt River Project. The water is used by the Phoenix metropolitan area for municipal, industrial, and agricultural purposes. The storage capacity of the reservoirs is 2,910,200 acre feet for Roosevelt, 245,100 acre feet for Apache, 57,900 acre feet for Canyon, and 69,800 acre feet for Saguaro.

As the Salt River passes through its reservoirs it flows by the Four Peaks Wilderness, near Four Peaks. A few miles downstream of Stewart Mountain Dam, the last of the four Salt River Project dams, the Verde River joins the Salt from the north. Fountain Hills is located a few miles to the northwest. The Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community is located near the Verde-Salt confluence. The Tonto National Forest ends a couple miles below the Verde River confluence and the Salt River enters the eastern edge of the great Phoenix metropolitan area. Less than 0.5 miles from the national forest boundary the Granite Reef Diversion Dam diverts all remaining water in the Salt River into the Arizona Canal and Southern Canal, which deliver drinking and irrigation water to much of the Phoenix metropolitan area. The dam and canals are part of the Salt River Project. Below the diversion dam the bed of the Salt River is dry, except following rain or upstream runoff. The USGS stream gage at 51st Avenue, Phoenix, records no flow at all on many days. In 2009, there was no flow for most of the year, except during parts of February and March when the river's discharge reached an average of 87 cubic feet per second. The diversion capacity at Granite Reef Diversion Dam is 3,600 cubic feet per second, with 2,000 cubic feet per second for the Arizona Canal, and 1,600 cubic feet per second for the Southern Canal.

Below Granite Reef Dam the Salt River leaves the mountains and flows past the cities of Mesa, Tempe, and Scottsdale, then south of downtown Phoenix, where it passes north of South Mountain Park. With the exception of Tempe Town Lake, the riverbed winding through the cities is usually dry, except when heavy rains upstream force Stewart Mountain Dam to release more water than can be diverted at Granite Reef Dam. The Salt River joins the Gila on the southwestern edge of Phoenix approximately 15 miles from the center of the city. Monument Hill overlooks the confluence of rivers and is the site of the Initial Survey point for Arizona, the Gila and Salt River Meridian.

Image copyright 2013 Jon Burch Photography

Uploaded

June 18th, 2013

Statistics

Viewed 415 Times  -  Last Visitor from Winnipeg, MB - Canada on 04/17/2024 at 10:02 AM

Colors

Embed

Share

Sales Sheet

Tags